National Post\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\nSi le devoir de consultation des peuples autochtones pr\u00e9vu par la loi vise avant tout la r\u00e9conciliation, il est devenu, en pratique, une source de conflits.<\/p>\n
On dit souvent que le \u00ab\u00a0devoir de consultation\u00a0\u00bb n\u2019est pas clair, qu\u2019il est malais\u00e9 \u00e0 cerner, que son respect est difficile \u00e0 \u00e9valuer et qu\u2019il est la raison de l\u2019enlisement r\u00e9glementaire touchant les grands projets et le d\u00e9veloppement des infrastructures au Canada.<\/p>\n
En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, la loi est assez claire, et le test n\u2019est pas difficile \u00e0 appliquer. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9cis\u00e9 par la Cour supr\u00eame du Canada il y a 12\u00a0ans dans l\u2019arr\u00eat Nation ha\u00efda c. Colombie\u2011Britannique<\/em> et conf\u00e8re clairement aux gouvernements<\/em> la responsabilit\u00e9 de prendre des d\u00e9cisions difficiles visant l\u2019\u00e9tablissement d\u2019un \u00e9quilibre entre les droits des Autochtones prot\u00e9g\u00e9s par la Constitution et les int\u00e9r\u00eats des non-Autochtones.<\/p>\nLa principale pierre d\u2019achoppement de la consultation n\u2019est pas le manque de clart\u00e9 de la loi, mais le manque de clart\u00e9 et de coh\u00e9rence des gouvernements qui, parfois, ne tiennent pas assez compte des int\u00e9r\u00eats des Autochtones et perdent le contr\u00f4le du processus pour le laisser \u00e9voluer vers des rondes de consultations suppl\u00e9mentaires que la loi n\u2019exige aucunement.<\/p>\n
Cette d\u00e9rive peut s\u2019expliquer par le fait que certains repr\u00e9sentants du gouvernement ne saisissent pas vraiment ce que recouvre le devoir de consultation; qu\u2019ils ont peut-\u00eatre peur de prendre des d\u00e9cisions difficiles risquant de contrarier les promoteurs ou les Premi\u00e8res Nations; qu\u2019ils sont peut-\u00eatre fondamentalement prudents et pensent qu\u2019un autre processus de consultation peut, \u00e0 d\u00e9faut d\u2019autre chose, les aider \u00e0 monter un \u00ab\u00a0dossier\u00a0\u00bb \u00e9toff\u00e9; que s\u2019ils gardent un projet assez longtemps dans un autoclave r\u00e9glementaire, le promoteur finira par faire tout ce qu\u2019il faut pour conclure une entente pacifique avec les peuples autochtones, facilitant ainsi grandement le travail du gouvernement. Ces raisons, dont aucune n\u2019est la bonne, illustrent un \u00e9tat de fait end\u00e9mique, \u00e0 divers degr\u00e9s, au sein des minist\u00e8res au pays.<\/p>\n
Deux strat\u00e9gies peuvent \u00eatre adopt\u00e9es par les promoteurs pour l\u2019att\u00e9nuation des risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 cette d\u00e9rive.<\/p>\n
La premi\u00e8re, d\u00e9sormais largement accept\u00e9e (m\u00eame si elle est souvent mise en \u0153uvre de fa\u00e7on imparfaite) consiste pour les promoteurs \u00e0 amorcer un dialogue pr\u00e9coce et direct avec les groupes autochtones et \u00e0 \u00e9tudier les occasions int\u00e9ressantes de faire participer les collectivit\u00e9s des Premi\u00e8res Nations, des M\u00e9tis et des Inuits \u00e0 la planification, \u00e0 la construction et \u00e0 l\u2019exploitation, voire \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 du projet. Si cette strat\u00e9gie est en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral une condition pr\u00e9alable de succ\u00e8s, elle n\u2019en est cependant pas une garantie.<\/p>\n
La seconde strat\u00e9gie, qui suscite beaucoup moins l\u2019attention, consiste pour les promoteurs \u00e0 effectuer une surveillance de l\u2019autorit\u00e9 de r\u00e9glementation<\/em>, c\u2019est\u2011\u00e0\u2011dire \u00e0 surveiller de pr\u00e8s le processus, \u00e0 communiquer avec le gouvernement au besoin afin de v\u00e9rifier qu\u2019il s\u2019acquitte de ses obligations, \u00e0 collaborer lorsque c\u2019est possible et \u00e0 \u00eatre pr\u00eat \u00e0 r\u00e9sister vivement si n\u00e9cessaire.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Une \u00e8re nouvelle pour le d\u00e9veloppement des infrastructures et le dialogue avec les collectivit\u00e9s autochtones National Post\u00a0 Si le devoir de consultation des peuples…<\/p>\n
Arr\u00eatos De Bl\u00e2mer Le Devoir De Consultation<\/span>Lire plus<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[113,114],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-106","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-en-vedette","category-insight"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nArr\u00eatos De Bl\u00e2mer Le Devoir De Consultation - 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